Healthy workplaces that support employees’ health and well-being can be a goal in itself, but may also have intended or unintended effects on other values, such as employee satisfaction, productivity, costs, corporate image and risk. 1.2 Relationship between healthy workplaces and other values Too little time, too much work and tight deadlines are the most widely recognized risk factors, resulting in sleep disturbance, changes in mood, fatigue, headaches and stomach irritability. The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (2014) warns for a disbalance between high job demands and available job resources. Other influencing factors on health and well-being are important as well, such as the context (cultural, social, economic, political), personal characteristics (age, gender, lifestyle), organizational issues (leadership, personal support) and job characteristics (work load, (mis)fit between demands and resources). Positive relationships were found between physical well-being and aspects that encourage physical activity between physical/psychological well-being and (day)light, individual control and real/artificial greenery and between social well-being and small shared rooms. (2020) on the relationship between interior office space (layout, furniture, light, greenery, controls and noise) and employees’ physical, psychological and social well-being showed that open-plan offices, shared rooms and higher background noise are negatively related to health. In a survey of 2,000 office workers, occupants reported preferences for lots of natural light, access to outdoor spaces, contemplation spaces, support from colleagues and private as well as collaborative spaces, whereas the main irritants were noise in open-plan areas, lack of natural light, lack of colour, lack of greenery, lack of artwork, lack of fresh air, no personal control of temperature, lack of privacy, clutter and inflexible space ( British Council for Offices, 2018).Īnother frequently assessed factor is office type. It appears that in particular a poor indoor climate, noise and distraction have a negative impact on employees’ health and well-being, whereas appropriate opportunities to communicate and to concentrate and contact with nature contribute to a healthy workplace. The relationship between physical workplace characteristics and health and well-being has been explored by a variety of studies, using reviews of the literature ( Forooraghi et al., 2020 Van der Voordt, 2021), surveys ( Cordero et al., 2020), case studies ( Bauer, 2020) and conducting short-term experiments using mobile devices ( Nelson and Holzer, 2017). Besides, people have become more aware of the impact of health and well-being on our quality of life and the risk of health complaints, illness or – in worst cases – burnout ( Appel-Meulenbroek et al., 2020). This may be because of the shift from a one-sided focus on cost reduction to a more holistic and integrated value-based approach and an optimal balance between costs and benefits of interventions in buildings, facilities and services ( Jensen and Van der Voordt, 2017). The past decades show a growing awareness of the impact of the physical environment on peoples’ health and well-being, both in academic research and in professional publications. 1.1 Impact of the physical environment on health and well-being Well-being reflects one’s feelings about oneself in relation to the world, personal feelings about motivation, competence, aspirations and degree of personal control. Health is the result of a complex interaction between the physiological, psychological, personal and organizational resources available to individuals and the stress placed upon them by their physical and social environment at work and home ( Clements-Croome, 2018). As such, a healthy workplace can be defined as a workplace that contributes to the physical, mental and social well-being of its users. The WHO defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. The full terms of this licence may be seen at Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Copyright © 2021, Theo van der Voordt and Per Anker Jensen.
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The way pawns are arranged on the board is. Each player starts the game with two rooks, one in each corner on their own side of the board. The pawn is the lowest-value piece on the chessboard, and there are eight pawns per player. It may move any number of squares horizontally or vertically without jumping, and it may capture an enemy piece on its path additionally, it may participate in castling. Not surprisingly we don't find any elephants in the European chess sets. The rook ( / rk /, ) is a piece in the game of chess. Rook then really points to the Oriental origins of chess, while medieval northern Europeans put their own interpretations on the other pieces, effectively naturalizing them. In English, we don't speak of a "tower" as Germans and Scandinavians do (although the old-fashioned term "castle" persists among the older generations), but of a "rook" which has no etymological value in English as it is originally a loanword from Persian (meaning "chariot"), via Arabic and French. Download the cheat sheet as a PDF and keep it handy for quick reference when playing OTB chess. In French, the bishop is neither a bishop or a runner but a "fou" (fool/jester). Names of all Chess Pieces Chess Board Names of Squares What are the names of the chess squares First get to know the names of all chess pieces. Download Our Free Chess Cheat Sheet (PDF) The visual format and concise explanations of the Chess Cheat Sheet make it easy for you to understand and remember the rules. Even the Queen is known as a "lady" (and not Königin/drottning, as one might expect). Pawn and Bauer/bonde have some overlap but are still distinct conceptual entities. So the knight was not a horseman but a "jumper", and the bishop was not a man of the cloth but a "runner". Germans (and slightly later presumably Scandinavian speakers, probably mediated via German) must when the game arrived on their shores have seen the pieces of the newly introduced game and associated them with different things than did speakers of English. It's interesting how the various pieces have been named and conceptualized in different languages. But do you know what their names are and how they move Different than checkers, chess has six different types. Rook: German = Turm "tower" Swedish = torn "tower"Īs you can see, Scandinavian (here represented by Swedish) tends to follow the German model, rather than the English-language one. For starters, lets go over how many pieces there are in chess, plus the chess piece names. Chess pieces can come in all shapes and sizes. Queen: German = Dame "lady" Swedish = dam "lady" Pawn: German = Bauer "farmer, peasant" Swedish = bonde "farmer, peasant" Knight: German = Springer "jumper" Swedish = springare "jumper"īishop: German = Läufer "runner" Swedish = löpare "runner" I can only speak for German and Scandinavian, but, in contrast to English, the names of the following pieces are: Tomatoes, pickles, or, as his father did, chopped pimento, can do the trick. The grilled cheese can, Knowlton allows, benefit from a little acidity. " This is not the time to go light on the butter." Once the bread is properly toasted (even verging on extra-dark), then and only then may the cook add in the cheese and press down on the sandwich with a spatula to encourage maximum melty-oozy qualities. "Put a little butter on both sides of both pieces of bread, then throw a little butter in the pan," Knowlton explains. A cast-iron pan is key, and the proper construction of a grilled cheese sandwich is not for the faint of heart or cholesterol-wary. "I'm a fan of the old school grilled cheese," he says, by which he mean classic, unfussy cheese options- sharp cheddar or even Kraft singles, please-and simple, sliced bread. The grilled cheese fares far better than the wrap in Knowlton's eyes. Otherwise, you'll end up with a purple sandwich as a result of jelly that's soaked through. Whether you toast that bread or not is up to you (although Knowlton is a bit wary of roof-of-the-mouth scratches from aggressively toasted slices), but of utmost importance is that you put peanut butter on both pieces of bread. "The shittier the white bread," he says, "the better the sandwich." So leave the baguette in the artisanal French bakery where it belongs, and embrace the art of squishy presliced bread. When it comes to the fruit, any type will do: Knowlton allows for a little creativity, explaining that both jam and jelly are acceptable choices, and citing fig preserves as a favorite. "It's my favorite sandwich," he adds, before amending that no, that's not true-although he does "crave it in a way crave any other sandwich." So how do you make the perfect one? First, ratio matters: A thin smear of peanut butter is all you need-lest you cement your mouth shut on the first bite. "The peanut butter and jelly is near and dear to my heart," says Knowlton. Rapoport agrees: "And stuck with frilly toothpicks." Finally? " It has to be cut in triangles. The club is a monster sandwich by nature, though, so both insist on a little restraint when layering the ingredients (for the record, the order is turkey, bacon, lettuce, and then tomato-on each layer, of course-with a medium-boiled egg on top, if you're fancy/European). Rapoport gives us license to use more mayonnaise than we think we need, adding that it must be spread on every layer of bread. Bonus points if the iceberg (yes, iceberg) lettuce is shredded, too-you'll never have to suffer the tragedy of tearing out an entire piece of meat or lettuce with your first bite. Both attest that the turkey has to be thinly shaved, not large hunks of roasted meat. "It should still be a little chewy in the middle," Knowlton agrees. "A club sandwich is turkey, bacon, lettuce, and tomato," says Knowlton, "with three pieces of bread." Rapoport adds that the bread must be sliced sandwich white or whole wheat, and it must be toasted-but not too toasted. Knowlton knows a good club sandwich when he sees one-and so does our editor-in-chief Adam Rapoport. Was there a proper way to construct a club? Was there poor form for PB&Js? We knew one thing for sure: If anyone would have thoughts on the right-and wrong-ways to make a sandwich, it would be Knowlton. Of course, this got us pondering the architecture and composition of our other favorite sandwiches. If you really need more meat, make it a double." My ideal is a thin patty, squishy-soft bun, and minimal toppings (onion, tomato, pickles, lettuce, and cheese are okay bacon is pushing it). A bigger burger does not equal a better burger. "You know the type: a hunk of beef, five toppings too many, and some fancy-pants bun. "I'm officially calling for the end of the monster burger," he declares. In the July issue of Bon Appétit, Knowlton gets nostalgic about the simpler, better burgers of yore-he's had it, he says, with perilously stacked hamburgers that are too hard to eat. The man has some strong opinions about food and drink, and he's not afraid to share them. No one can accuse Bon Appétit's restaurant and drinks editor Andrew Knowlton of being wishy-washy. I ordered a replacement main spring and am thinking if it too is too strong for the trigger/sear/pawls to reset, I was going to thin the sides of the main spring to reduce the force of the main spring. Far more force than any other revolver I own. The hammer strikes the primer with a lot of force. I have fired the pistol and lock up is as new. The sear has been polished and its pin and the holes for the pin are nice and round free of any burrs.The sear does not bind. The sear behind the trigger seems to "feel" as if that is where the bind is occurring,but it is not there if the main spring is removed. The main spring is very strong but is smooth to pull the hammer back with the trigger. Own the original This is a legitimate antique and not a reproduction. The trigger spring is also weak, so that one must push the trigger forward for the hammer to stay in cock. As I push the trigger forward, you can see the main spring being pushed back by the hammer about 1 MM and is causing a binding force the trigger spring cannot overcome without my help. The cylinder axis pin latch’s spring is worn out. Somehow, the main spring is causing the hammer to drag on trigger re-set. If I double up the Wolf spring with two springs the problem is still there adding the extra force to return the trigger does not help. The spring has at least one pound of force returning the trigger. When the trigger is released it moves to "home" by the trigger spring with no problem at all. Now, if I remove the main spring from the frame of the pistol,and point the muzzle towards the floor, and pull the trigger all the parts move so smoothly its like a hot knife through butter. When the trigger is pulled back and dried fired, it will not return to "home" without a push on the back of the trigger shoe towards the front of the frame. The problem,I think is the main spring for the hammer it too strong. 32 rimfire cartridges, although double-action revolvers chambered for. I have polished all the internal parts and they are now very smooth and mesh very well. Most were small caliber single-action arms which utilized either. I have completely disassembled the pistol and cleaned it in my ultrasound tank and oiled it as needed. 22 Caliber (5.5mm) Iver Johnson Model 55 Target Short Long LR Double Action Revolver NO CA 230620TW024. PRICE: 105.00 MANUFACTURER: Iver Johnson CONDITION: Used MODEL: Hammerless SOLD: 12:00:00 AM. The new spring fits very well,does not bind and returns the trigger to "home" with no effort at all. .32 S&W Hammerless Iver Johnson Break Top-Type Revolver. I purchased the Wolf trigger spring pack kit and fitted the leaf spring into the trigger guard/frame bottom. Please read and understand what I'm about to write and not just jump onto "its the trigger spring", please. 32 "short" pistols since the 60's I want to get this pistol going again, but there is a problem I just cannot get rid of. The pistol is in very good condition with a bright shiny bore. 32’s (primarily the First Models) were designed to use cartridges made with black powder, an antiquated ammunition propellant that hung around until the widespread adoption of smokeless powder during the first few years of the 20th Century. It had a broken trigger spring as you'd expect. Additionally, it’s important to note that some Iver Johnson break-top. I was given an Iver Johnson top break hammerless. There you’ll see your background options. There’s a little drop down arrow to the right of it and when you click on here you’ll see an option labelled CHOOSE VIRTUAL BACKGROUND. When you’re on a Zoom call, in the bottom left of the screen you’ll see a “START/STOP VIDEO” button. Now call me old school but I think I’d rather look at a pretty picture which is why I’ve started hunting out travel themed Zoom backgrounds. So on the next Zoom call everyone changed their backgrounds to various meats. I had one meeting where my boss had decided to do a background of a desert canyon, but someone mistook the close up of the rocks to be meat. Plus the more meetings you go to, the more creativity you’ll see from people. While they might be nice, you’ll be sick of them after the first week. There are currently three options: the Golden Gate bridge, blades of grass or the Earth from space. It does, however the options are very limited. Zoom is an online video conferencing tool that has become a lot of people’s lifelines in 2020 when going out and seeing real people in public hasn’t always been possible. I think the biggest Zoom meeting I’ve been in so far has had almost 200 people in it. The quality is better, the options are better, and if you’re part of a company like me that has the premium version then there are additional features like chat and the ability for longer calls with more people. If you don’t already have Zoom, it’s like Skype…but better. So today I’m going to share some of my favorite new travel themed Zoom backgrounds. Our indoor lives are mundane enough right now that I think it’s time to jazz up your Zoom background. But I know for sure after almost two months of this that people are getting sick of seeing the boring wall behind my head, or my office bookcase. I can’t tell you how many virtual happy hours I’ve attended since March. I use Zoom at work for our meetings, people use it for online classes or even for keeping in touch with family or friends. If I could have bought stocks in any company 6 months ago you can be sure it would be Zoom (#missedopportunity). I appreciate your support.Īnyone who’s anyone is using Zoom right now. Clicking ads or making purchases through affiliate links may, at no additional cost to you, earn me a small commission. Disclosure: Advertising and affiliate services, including Amazon Associates, help the cost of running my blog. Since capes are tricky to stitch together, don’t panic in case your reward doesn’t show up right away. Starting Wednesday, August 31, we will be rolling out this ravishing reward to players throughout the week. Buy & download the game here, or check the site for the latest news. Back in 2013, a Minecraft player named cheapsh0t helped Mojang Team on their Tokyo. Like previous capes, it should show up in your Dressing Room or the Skin Customization menu automatically. Explore new gaming adventures, accessories, & merchandise on the Minecraft Official Site. Usually, the translator capes are given to the players who have helped translate the game into their languages. To show our gratitude towards players who already had both editions before we announced we’d start selling them together, we’re going to give you the new Vanilla cape! So if you owned both Java and Bedrock Edition on PC on a single account before J(whether by purchase or by code redemption), you will be receiving this special cape shortly, and you’ll be able to wear it in both editions. But what if you owned both editions a long time ago? What do you get then? If you're playing Minecraft: Java Edition, you. The only official ways to get a cape in Minecraft are by attending special events or buying skin packs. You can launch your Minecraft games without using Minecraft Launcher, but it will help you save time by putting all of your games in one place.When Minecraft: Java & Bedrock Edition for PC launched, players who owned one edition received the other one for free. Mojang Optifine William Antonelli/Insider. Can you launch Minecraft without using Minecraft Launcher? You can also browse through the Minecraft Launcher Troubleshooting FAQ page to see if your issue has been addressed. If you are having trouble opening the Minecraft Launcher, you may need to check for updates or contact the Minecraft Support Team to report your issue. Go to Settings > About to find all available Launcher updates. From there, choose the cape you’d like to add and save this down as a new skin. You’ll be able to see when you need to update your Minecraft Launcher by going to your account settings. Head to the Skins tab, select the skin you’d like to add your cape to, then click ‘Duplicate’ or ‘Edit’. If you have the old version of Minecraft Launcher, use our guide on how to uninstall the old Minecraft Unified Launcher so you can get the newest version. If you're playing Minecraft: Java Edition, you can also make any cape by downloading. If you need to reinstall Launcher, simply go to the Microsoft Store and download it again. The only official ways to get a cape in Minecraft are by attending special events or buying skin packs. You can install Minecraft Launcher through the Microsoft Store or select the “Download Launcher” button at the top of this page. How do I install/reinstall Minecraft Launcher? Learn more about Minecraft Launcher through the help center. Woo, Minecraft creativity Home / Banners & Capes / New Cape Minecraft Banners & Capes - Planet Minecraft. You can download new versions of Minecraft games, access multiplayer servers, manage your profile, get mod support, and more with Minecraft Launcher. Wear a banner as a cape to make your Minecraft player more unique, or use a banner as a flag All content is shared by the community and free to download. The Minecraft Launcher is your hub for accessing all of your favorite Minecraft games on PC. Step 2: Navigate to SteamVR > Settings > General, and make sure the Developer Settings box is checked. Step 1: Unplug the link cables from your PC. If, after trying all possible USB ports, you still do not have a connection, try resetting your USB devices using the following steps. If there is a USB port already in use and working - say, one that your keyboard or mouse is plugged into - try moving the Vive connection to it. In that case, try using a USB 2.0 port instead. Sometimes, plugging into USB 3.0 and 3.1 ports can cause errors. Step 1: Quit SteamVR and reboot your computer. Keep in mind that you may need to repeat this process more than once in order for the error to stop appearing. If you see a notification in the taskbar that a driver is installing, wait for it to finish. Step 3: After a few minutes, plug the power and USB cord back into the Link Box. Step 2: Unplug the power and USB cord from the PC side of the link box (meaning NOT the orange side of the link box). Step 1: In SteamVR, right-click on the headset icon and select Reboot Vive Headset. Once you’ve done that, if the issue still persists, there are a number of other things to try: If everything is plugged in but the headset is not turning on, try a different outlet.Once properly plugged in, the LED on the headset should be green, indicating that it’s ready for use.The power, USB, and HDMI cables from the headset should be plugged into the correct slots on the link box from there, the link box’s USB and HDMI should be plugged into the PC, and the power cord plugged into a power outlet.If in doubt, remove everything and plug it back in again. First and foremost, make sure the headset is plugged in correctly.The most common Microsoft Teams problems and how to fix themĬommon printer problems and how to fix themĬommon keyboard problems and how to fix them The Professional plan offers everything included in the Starter plan for up to 75 clients for $59 per month ($49 on the annual plan). It includes all the Basic Plus features, Cliniko & App integrations, Automated Meal Planning, and Branding features for up to 20 active clients. The Starter plan costs $39 per month (or $33 if paid annually). Pricing starts at $29 per month (or $24 per month when paid annually) with the Basic Plus plan that allows up to 5 active clients, Meal Planner & Grocery List, Food Databases & Recipes, and Client Management Features. There are three different pricing plans available for Foodzilla, and you can try it free for 10 days. Reports enable you to acquire valuable information regarding the nutritional components of recorded meals, such as calories, vitamins, minerals, cholesterol, macronutrients, and fiber. These can easily be shared with clients through mobile applications. With Foodzilla, you can construct intricate food recipes with detailed ingredients, preparation directions, and comprehensive labeling capabilities-for ease of use and convenience. Foodzilla's innovative software integrates live chat and messaging functionalities to improve communication between trainers and their clients and offers branding and customization features. Whether you're looking for a meal planning software for dietitians or a tool to streamline your own meal planning process, there's something for everyone on this list and most offer a free account option.įoodzilla is a cutting-edge platform designed for nutritionists and personal trainers to strategize meal plans and conduct nutrition analyses based on personalized data for their clientele. We'll explore the nine best meal planning tools that personal trainers can use to create customized meal plans for their clients, including the ability to add their own recipes. In this article, we will explore some of the best nutritionist software options, including options like a meal plan generator based on macros, a weekly meal planner, meal and workout planner app that can create diet plans based on macros. Fortunately, there are several meal plan generator software options available that can simplify the process and help you create effective diet plans for your clients. A well-designed online diet plan that includes weekly meal plans and an automatic meal planner can simplify the process and help your clients stay on track.įortunately, there are several meal plan programs and best websites for meal planning available that can aid in creating unique meal plans, calculating calories, and generating a grocery list.Īs a personal trainer or dietitian, meal planning can be a time-consuming task that requires significant effort and attention to detail. And once you have, there's a range of meal planning software available to make your clients' lives easier and reduce the amount of time you spend helping them plan their meals.Īs a personal trainer, one of the most important aspects of helping clients achieve their fitness goals is proper nutrition. Your clients have come to you for a result, and if their most significant barrier to their success is their nutrition, you may want to consider developing the skills to help them with that problem. Now that you have the basic knowledge on how the paper is being measured, with grams per square meter (gsm) as the most common one, we will try to apply what we know to the brochures that we might be needing for our company’s advertising and promotion. The Ideal Paper Weights for Your Printed Brochures You may also check out creative brochure examples for designers. This might also be easier for the people to determine the actual thickness of the paper, but this is not commonly used since the more popular one, the metric weight which measures the paper in grammage, provides a more convenient measurement to the people who wanted to know the thickness as well as the weight of the paper that he or she is using. For example, a paper that measures 0.010 inches thick would be marked as 10-point media. The paper is often measured in points or 1/1000 of an inch. Points or mils are the actual caliper reading of the weight and thickness of the paper. You may also like real estate brochure designs & examples. When you are looking for a certain thickness of paper, immediately scan the page and search for numerical values with the metric unit “GSM” or “gsm”. This is also the commonly used measurement in commercial papers in stores and bookstores. This provides uniform measurement of a paper’s weight and thickness in all types of paper since the same size of sheet is the basis of the weight of the paper. The metric weight or the metric measurement, which measures the paper in terms of grammage (or grams per square meter or GSM), quantifies a 1×1 square meter sheet of paper equally in all types of paper, hence the weight of the paper in grams for one meter. You may also see examples of company brochure. Hence, the values do not really determine on its actual weight as well as the actual thickness of the paper, thus confusing to the users. For example, an 80-lb cover stock is much heavier than 100-lb text paper. It depends on the size and purpose of the paper in determining its type and not based on values, for higher values do not always equate to heavier or thicker paper. It sorts the papers into bond, book offset, points, tag, index, and cover. What do you mean by basis weight? It is the weight of 500 sheets of paper in its basic unit uncut size. US basis weight is not a common type of measurement and can be confusing because similar paper can result in different values as based on basis weight applied while manufacturing the paper. There are three common methods in the measurement of paper thickness namely US basis weight, metric weight, and points or mils which are described and explained as follows: However, sorting through paper thickness has different methods and types. It conveys durability and quality to your print. Usually, the thicker the paper, the more conducive and better is the paper for printing. It is valuable to have a basic understanding on the measurement of the paper thickness for you might use them in the future in whatever field you may be working such as retail, advertising, designing, IT, finance, or marketing. Paper thickness and paper weights are often an important in determining for heavy printing or not. Measurement Types of Paper Thickness for Your Brochures Welcome to your ultimate resource for learning the ins and outs of the game.Ĭhess is a game of strategy, intellect, and precision, and understanding the names and moves of each chess piece is crucial to your success on the board. Rajah is Sanskrit for “king.” The Russiand call it koról, the Germans König, Yiddish kinig.įrank Jacobs' original article originally appeared on Big Think, home of the brightest minds and biggest ideas of all time.Understanding the Chessboard Layout Chess Piece Names and Symbols Chess Piece Moves and Capture Rules Special Moves: Castling, En Passant, and Promotion Strategies and Tactics in Chess Basic Opening Moves and Principles Common Chess Terms and Phrases Chess Notation and Recording MovesĪre you a chess enthusiast looking to take your game to the next level? If so, you’ve come to the right place. King: the game’s central piece maintained its original title. The Arabs used wazir (vizier), which became the French vierge (virgin), which became regina (queen) and dame (lady) in various languages. Queen: Originally this piece was the king’s “counselor” ( mantri in Sanskrit). The Russians have stuck to the original “elephant” and call the piece slon. In his article Jacobs has very useful maps for each piece, like the following for the bishop (click to enlarge): It started off as the Sanskrit hasti, for elephant, changed to the Persian pil, the French fil, and finally fou, which translates to “fool”. The Italians call it alfiere (“standard bearer”), the Germany call it Läufer (runner), the Serbians lovac (hunter), Slovak strelec (gunner). Puzzlingly the piece is called “ship” (or “boat”) in some other languages, including Russian ( lad’já) and Armenian ( navak).īishop: this piece has the widest range of names. English stuck with rook, but invented "to castle" for the king-and-rook move. In many European languages the piece is known as a tower or a castle – e.g. Rook: it was called ratha (“chariot”) in Sanskrit, rukh in Persian. In this case the piece name tends to universally reflect this ability: cavallo in Spanish, springare in Swedish, Springer in German. It reflects the unique ability of the piece to jump over other pieces. Knight: in the original Chaturanga the piece was called asva, which is Sanskrit for “horse”. The Spanish term peon also means “farmer,” which is reflected in a number of Germanic languages, e.g. Pawns: the original Sanskrit padati, or “foot soldier”, came to us via the Latin pedester to modern French pion and English pawn. In his article How Did the Chess Pieces Get Their Names?, which appeared on April 21, 2023, Frank Jacobs meticulously traces the various piece names in different languages around the world. This is reflected more or less recognizably in the piece names. It includes this map, which you can click to enlarge.Ĭhaturanga is Sanskrit for “four-limbed”, referring to the four sections of the Indian army: infantry, cavalry, elephants and chariots. If you want to know more about the migration of the game around the world, you should read Frank Jacobs' 2017 article How Chess Went Global. And that, you will immediately recognize, is the origin of the modern term ‘checkmate’. The game was called chaturanga, and when it migrated to Persia (around 700 AD), it was called chatrang, which was derived from the players exclaiming “shāh māt!” (“the king is helpless or dead”).
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